The Grand Egyptian Museum – 3D Flip Cards

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King Ramses II

King Ramses II

The Pharaoh who reshaped Egyptian glory

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King Ramses II

History • ~ 6 min read

The statue of Ramses II was moved in the early 1950s and placed in one of Cairo’s most famous squares, **Bab Al-Hadid Square**, which was later renamed **Ramses Square**. On **August 25, 2006**, the statue was relocated from its prominent location in central Cairo, in front of the main railway station, to the **Giza pyramids area** for restoration work that lasted about a year, pending the completion of the **Grand Egyptian Museum**.

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King Tutankhamun

King Tutankhamun

The Young King

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King Tutankhamun

The Young King • ~ 5 min read

The significance of King Tutankhamun’s collection lies in several key aspects. First, the treasure of Tutankhamun is the most complete royal treasure ever discovered, unmatched in history. It consists of 358 pieces, including the magnificent golden mask and three anthropoid coffins, one made of solid gold and the other two of gilded wood. Second, these artifacts date back to the Eighteenth Dynasty, the most prosperous and celebrated period of the New Kingdom, when Egypt opened to the regions of the ancient Near East through military campaigns and trade exchanges involving raw materials, manufactured goods, and the flourishing work of craftsmen and artists. Third, this vast collection remained entirely in Egypt, providing a detailed picture of how a royal tomb was prepared and furnished. It includes everyday objects such as dolls and toys, complete furniture, tools and weapons, statues of deities connected with funerary rituals, and the famous silver and copper trumpets of Tutankhamun. All these treasures are now housed in the Egyptian Museum in Cairo. Finally, this remarkable treasure reveals much about the king’s personal life — his passion for hunting, his relationship with his wife Ankhesenamun (believed to be his relative), and insights into his court, officials, and artistic achievements. Among the items is also the only surviving royal throne from ancient Egyptian civilization.

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Queen Hatshepsut

Queen Hatshepsut

The first great queen in the history of ancient Egypt

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Queen Hatshepsut

The Queen • ~ 7 min read

Hatshepsut was one of the most famous queens to rule Egypt and was considered a woman of great beauty. She is believed to have been the **first person to wear gloves**, due to a **congenital deformity in her fingers** (having six or more on each hand). This fact was only discovered after her **mummy** was examined, as in most of her **statues**, her hands appeared normal — she had instructed sculptors to depict them that way. She was also the **first to decorate gloves with precious stones**.

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King Ramses II

King Ramses II

Ramses II (c. 1303 BC — July or August 1213 BC), also known as Ramses the Great, was the third pharaoh of Egypt’s Nineteenth Dynasty (reigned 1279 – 1213 BC). He is regarded as the most famous and powerful pharaoh of the Egyptian Empire. His successors and later rulers called him the “Great Ancestor.” Ramses II led several military campaigns into the Levant, restoring Egyptian control over Canaan, and also launched expeditions south into Nubia, where two of his sons accompanied him, as recorded on the walls of the Beit el-Wali temple.

Ramses was appointed crown prince at the age of fourteen by his father, Seti I. It is believed he ascended the throne in his late teens and ruled Egypt from 1291 BC to 1213 BC for a total of 78 years and two months, according to both Manetho and contemporary Egyptian records. Some sources claim he lived to 99 years, though most scholars estimate he died at 90 or 91. If he became pharaoh in 1279 BC, as most Egyptologists believe, he would have ascended the throne at age 31 in 1279 BC, based on the date of his coronation in the third harvest season, day 27. Ramses II celebrated fourteen “Sed festivals” — a jubilee first held after thirty years of reign and then every three years — the most of any pharaoh. Upon his death, he was buried in a tomb in the Valley of the Kings, but his mummy was later moved to the royal cache, where it was discovered in 1881. Today, it is displayed at the National Museum of Egyptian Civilization. The early years of his reign focused on constructing cities, temples, and monuments. He founded the city of Pi-Ramesses in the Nile Delta as his new capital and main base for campaigns in Syria. The city was built on the ruins of Avaris, the former Hyksos capital, and became the site of his principal temple complex. He is also known by the Greek name Ozymandias, a Hellenized rendering of part of his throne name meaning “The powerful truth of Ra, the chosen of Ra.”

King Tutankhamun

King Tutankhamun

Tutankhamun was one of the pharaohs of ancient Egypt’s Eighteenth Dynasty, ruling from 1334 BC to 1325 BC. He is among the most famous pharaohs, not because of great achievements or military victories like other rulers, but for historical reasons — most notably, the discovery of his tomb and treasures completely intact.

The mystery surrounding his early death has long fascinated historians. Many considered it unusual for a pharaoh to die so young, especially given evidence of fractures in his thigh bone and skull. His minister’s marriage to his widow and subsequent self-coronation added further intrigue. These mysterious events, combined with the widespread use of the “Curse of the Pharaohs” legend linked to his tomb — often depicted in films and video games — made Tutankhamun one of the most famous figures in ancient Egyptian history. Some even regard his death as one of the earliest known assassinations in human history. Tutankhamun died at a young age and was buried in his tomb, KV62, in the Valley of the Kings. He became pharaoh at around nine years old. His name in ancient Egyptian means “the living image of the god Amun,” the chief deity of ancient Egypt. Tutankhamun lived during a transitional period following Akhenaten, who had attempted to replace Egypt’s traditional polytheism with the worship of a single god. Under Tutankhamun, Egypt returned to the old religious practices. His tomb was discovered in 1922 in the Valley of the Kings by British archaeologist Howard Carter, an event that drew worldwide attention and remains one of the greatest archaeological discoveries of all time.

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Queen Hatshepsut

Hatshepsut, also known as Ghnemet Amun or Hatshepsut, the Beloved of Amun and the Foremost of Noble Ladies (c. 1505–1458 BC), was one of the most prominent and powerful queens to rule Egypt. She was the sixth pharaoh of the Eighteenth Dynasty, ruling first as a regent and later as a sole ruler from around 1479 BC to 1458 BC (according to the low chronology). She was also the Great Royal Wife of Pharaoh Thutmose II. Hatshepsut is considered the second confirmed woman to rule Egypt with full pharaonic authority, after Sobekneferu of the Twelfth Dynasty.

The daughter of Thutmose I and Queen Ahmose, Hatshepsut initially ruled as regent for her young stepson Thutmose III, who inherited the throne at the age of two following the death of his father and her half-brother, Thutmose II. After several years of regency, she assumed full pharaonic power, adopting the complete royal titulary and ruling jointly with Thutmose III. To solidify her authority in a male-dominated society, she adopted traditional male roles and iconography, appearing in statues and reliefs with masculine features and wearing the pharaoh’s regalia, symbolizing herself as both the mother and father of Egypt. Her reign was marked by peace, prosperity, and artistic flourishing. Hatshepsut was one of the most prolific builders in ancient Egyptian history, commissioning grand construction projects such as the Karnak Temple complex, the Red Chapel, and the Speos Artemidos, with her most famous monument being her mortuary temple at Deir el-Bahari. Hatshepsut is believed to have died in the 22nd year of Thutmose III’s reign. Toward the end of his rule and during that of his son Amenhotep II, efforts were made to erase her legacy from history — her statues were destroyed, inscriptions defaced, and many of her achievements re-attributed to other pharaohs.